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The 82nd were maybe not
as well known as the 101st but they were just as dangerous to have as
an enemy.
Note the "Double
A" shoulder patch. It was one of several
variations.
They're nicknamed
"All American" because in WW1 their troops came from all 48
States.
The Unit is now
referred to as "America's Guard of Honor", a name given them
by General George S "Blood & Guts" Patton during the
Occupation of Berlin.
It is now the largest
paratroop unit in the Free World.
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This
Captain is ready to lead his men into Operation Neptune, the night
attack into France to start proceedings for Operation Overlord,
D-Day, 6th June 1944. Because he is battle ready he has discarded
his normal headwear for a M1-C paratrooper helmet with special
leather chin cup with a first aid kit attached to the front.
Although para trained he was
recently field-posted to the newly formed 507th Glider Infantry
Regiment and as a result will later wear the Airborne
Glider badge on his dress uniform. Although initially
disappointed with the change, he later came to appreciate the
courage of men who go into battle in unprotected
'planes' with no engines and he became very supportive of and
proud of his men. To this day he proudly marches behind the 82nd
Airborne's flag as a "glider man".
Fewer than half of the gliders
assigned to the U.S. 82d Airborne reached their assigned landing
zones. The rest lodged in hedgerows, struck German obstructions, or
floundered in the swollen marshes.
He has already taken part in
parachute assaults at Sicily & Salerno in Italy. Here the
Germans called them "Devils in baggy pants". He is
wearing an M1 bandolier across his chest for his M1
Garand ammo and a green compass pouch on his utility belt.
His canteen is also visible. He wears the cloth badges of rank
on the shoulder strap, a variation that later became the norm. On
his right shoulder he wears his "invasion
patch", an embroidered US Flag, "Old Glory".
Some of his men are equipped with
the Cushman
Auto Glide motor scooter (Airborne
version Model 53) to allow them to act as mobile forward scouts
and fast moving despatch riders. Others were landed with glider
borne Willy's
Jeeps. General Eisenhower credited the Jeep, the Bazooka and the
Douglas DC3 "Gooney Bird" as the 3 pieces of equipment
that "won the war".
On June 5-6, 1944, the paratroopers
of the 82nd's three Parachute Infantry Regiments and a reinforced
Glider Infantry Regiment boarded hundreds of transport planes and gliders
and, began the largest airborne assault in history. At 3:00 AM, the
gliders carrying heavier equipment (jeeps and antitank guns) and
reinforcements began to arrive in the area. The paratroopers
who had landed earlier were able to secure the immediate area for
landing, but were unable to silence the German anti-aircraft sites.
As a result, the tow planes were
forced to climb and release at a higher altitude - making the
gliders even more vulnerable. No one had seemed to take into
account the enormous hedgerows in the countryside and factor this
into the glider landings. As a result, glider casualties were
extremely high as they landed. In addition, the glider troops
were, in most cases, also lost when they landed.
The 82nd were among the first
soldiers to fight in Normandy, France. By the time the All-American
Division was pulled back to England, it had seen 33 days of bloody
combat and suffered 5,245 paratroopers killed, wounded or missing.
The Division's post battle report
read, "...33 days of action without relief, without
replacements. Every mission accomplished. No ground gained was ever
relinquished."
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On 17 September
1944, the 82nd Airborne Division conducted its fourth combat
jump of World War II into Holland in Operation Market
Garden. Fighting off ferocious German counter-attacks,
the 82nd captured its objectives between Grave and Nijmegen.
Its success, however, was
short-lived because of the defeat of other Allied units at
Arnhem, 'A Bridge Too Far', where the British 1st Airborne
Division was cut to pieces after the plan to breakthrough to
relieve them went terribly wrong.
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Suddenly, on December 16, 1944,
the Germans launched a surprise offensive through the Ardennes
Forest which caught the Allies completely by surprise. Two days
later the 82nd joined the fighting and blunted General Von
Runstedt's northern penetration of the American lines in the
"Battle of the Bulge".
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